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GeneE
50 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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S100A8
S100 calcium binding protein A8
Chromosome 1 · 1q21.3
NCBI Gene: 6279Ensembl: ENSG00000143546.11HGNC: HGNC:10498UniProt: P05109
528PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
RESEARCH IMPACT
Highly StudiedTrending
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
neutrophil chemotaxisextracellular exosomeleukocyte migration involved in inflammatory responseextracellular matrixinborn error of immunityneoplasmSepsisgastric cancer
✦AI Summary

S100A8 is a calcium-binding protein primarily expressed in neutrophils and monocytes that functions as a critical alarmin modulating inflammatory responses 1. S100A8 predominantly acts as a heterodimer with S100A9 (S100A8/A9), which is released extracellularly upon immune cell activation and interacts with pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and RAGE to promote cell activation and recruitment 1. Mechanistically, S100A8/A9 suppresses mitochondrial complex I function by downregulating nuclear respiratory factor 1 expression, leading to impaired oxidative phosphorylation and cellular dysfunction 23. Clinically, S100A8/A9 plays pathogenic roles in multiple disease contexts. In myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, S100A8/A9 drives cardiomyocyte death and amplifies granulopoiesis via TLR4/inflammasome signaling 24. In sepsis, elevated S100A8/A9 triggers endothelial dysfunction and PANoptosis 3. S100A8/A9 also promotes tumor development and metastasis while suppressing anti-tumor immunity in melanoma through MDSC activation 56. Additionally, S100A8/A9 induces procoagulant platelet formation via GPIbα, contributing to thrombotic complications in COVID-19 7. Elevated S100A8/A9 serves as an independent prognostic biomarker in sepsis and correlates with poor outcomes in cardiovascular and malignant disease, making it a promising therapeutic target 36.

Sources cited
1
S100A8/A9 is an alarmin released by neutrophils and monocytes that interacts with TLR4 and RAGE to promote inflammatory responses
PMID: 27492899
2
S100A8/A9 causes mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes through TLR4/Erk-mediated suppression of mitochondrial complex I genes, contributing to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
PMID: 31220942
3
High S100A8/A9 suppresses mitochondrial complex I via Nrf1 downregulation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and PANoptosis in sepsis, with S100A8 as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis
PMID: 38942784
4
S100A8/A9 released by neutrophils at myocardial infarction sites activates TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling to amplify granulopoiesis and exacerbate cardiac dysfunction
PMID: 31941367
5
S100A8/A9 promotes tumor development, growth, and metastasis while serving as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in cancer
PMID: 37001615
6
S100A9 and HMGB1 convert monocytes into MDSC through TLR4 signaling, suppressing anti-tumor T-cell responses; elevated plasma S100A8/9 correlates with shorter progression-free survival in melanoma
PMID: 39266214
7
S100A8/A9 induces procoagulant platelet formation through GPIbα receptor engagement, contributing to thrombotic complications particularly in COVID-19
PMID: 36026606
Disease Associationsⓘ20
inborn error of immunityOpen Targets
0.37Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.12Weak
SepsisOpen Targets
0.12Weak
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.12Weak
COVID-19Open Targets
0.11Weak
cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
systemic lupus erythematosusOpen Targets
0.11Weak
acute myeloid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.11Weak
rheumatoid arthritisOpen Targets
0.11Weak
infectionOpen Targets
0.11Weak
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.10Weak
squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.10Weak
nasopharyngeal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
esophageal squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
Helicobacter pylori infectious diseaseOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
head and neck squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
acute kidney injuryOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
psoriasisOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
juvenile idiopathic arthritisOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
GRB2Protein interaction100%LY96Protein interaction100%TJP1Protein interaction99%CDH1Protein interaction94%METProtein interaction94%PTPN11Protein interaction93%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Bone Marrow
100%
Lung
8%
Liver
1%
Brain
1%
Heart
0%
Ovary
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
S100A8GRB2LY96TJP1CDH1METPTPN11
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB4GGF · 1.60 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.64LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.04Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.76 [0.37–1.64]
RankingsWhere S100A8 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #486of 20,598
    Most Researched528 · top 5%
  • #15,835of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.64
Genes detectedS100A8
Sources retrieved50 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
50▼
1
S100A8 and S100A9 in Cancer.
PMID: 37001615
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer · 2023
1.00
2
S100A8/A9
PMID: 38942784
Cell Death Dis · 2024
0.90
3
PMN-MDSCs accumulation induced by CXCL1 promotes CD8
PMID: 35176418
Cancer Lett · 2022
0.80
4
S100a8/a9 Signaling Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiomyocyte Death in Response to Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury.
PMID: 31220942
Circulation · 2019
0.80
5
S100A8 and S100A9 Are Important for Postnatal Development of Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Mice and Infants.
PMID: 32805279
Gastroenterology · 2020
0.78