SAMD10 (sterile alpha motif domain containing 10) is a regulatory protein involved in receptor signaling and cellular stress responses. Its primary function involves modulating MAP4K kinase activity through interaction with CNKSR scaffold proteins. SAMD10 and its homolog SAMD12 bind to CNKSR1/2/3 scaffolds with exceptionally high affinity and can quantitatively displace MAP4K kinases (including TNIK, MAP4K4, and MINK1) from these scaffolds, thereby regulating kinase availability and neuronal synapse development 1. At the molecular level, SAMD10 localizes to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane and participates in cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, suggesting roles in signal transduction regulation. SAMD10 has emerging clinical significance through multiple disease contexts. Its close homolog SAMD12 is established as a familial adult myoclonic epilepsy disease gene, with implications that SAMD10 may contribute to neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders through disruption of synaptic development via TNIK inhibition 1. Additionally, SAMD10 expression in skin tissue is sensitive to environmental mercury exposure, showing significant associations with plasma total mercury levels within normal ranges and specifically linking to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction 2. This suggests SAMD10 may serve as a biomarker for heavy metal-induced metabolic stress, particularly in mitochondrial energy metabolism.