SCARB1 encodes scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), a cell surface receptor primarily involved in cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein homeostasis. The receptor facilitates high-density lipoprotein (HDL) binding and cholesterol efflux, playing a crucial role in hepatic cholesterol uptake 1. Beyond cholesterol transport, SR-B1 mediates low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transcytosis across endothelial cells via interaction with DOCK4, promoting atherosclerosis by delivering LDL into artery walls where it accumulates in macrophages 2. The receptor is also involved in lipoprotein(a) clearance from plasma 3. Recent studies have identified SCARB1's role in ferroptosis regulation, where it inhibits iron-dependent cell death through cholesterol metabolism and CoQ10 upregulation, contributing to radioresistance in tumor cells 4. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma, SCARB1 promotes cholesterol uptake and facilitates M2 macrophage polarization through circRNA-mediated mRNA stabilization 5. Clinical relevance includes associations between SCARB1 polymorphisms and coronary heart disease risk 1, with promoter methylation patterns differing between coronary disease patients and controls 6. Additionally, SCARB1 variants influence macular pigment optical density, potentially affecting age-related macular degeneration susceptibility 7.