SCARF1 is a type I transmembrane scavenger receptor that mediates binding and endocytic uptake of modified lipoproteins, particularly acetylated low-density lipoprotein, via positively charged residues in its ligand-recognition domain 1. Beyond lipid metabolism, SCARF1 functions as an efferocytosis receptor on dendritic cells and macrophages, clearing apoptotic cells and initiating anti-inflammatory IL-10 responses that maintain immune tolerance 2. The receptor also participates in innate immunity by recognizing heat shock proteins and facilitating antigen presentation 3, and is required for complement-induced neutrophil extracellular trap formation 4. SCARF1 deficiency causes systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease in mice, underscoring its essential role in homeostasis 5. In humans, anti-SCARF1 autoantibodies detected in 26% of systemic lupus erythematosus patients correlate with impaired apoptotic cell clearance 2. At the population level, SCARF1 exhibits reduced constraint despite its homeostatic importance, reflecting viable heterozygous carriers; disease relevance emerges in specific contexts such as SLE pathogenesis and stroke risk 6. SCARF1 is also implicated in lung adenocarcinoma prognosis and immune infiltration patterns 7, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in immunomodulation and cancer immunotherapy response prediction.