SRBD1 (S1 RNA binding domain 1) is a DNA- and histone-binding protein essential for accurate chromosome 2 during mitosis 1. Localized to mitotic chromosome 2 1, SRBD1 promotes chromosome 2 by facilitating topoisomerase IIα recruitment to condensed chr2, preventing anaphase failure and the formation of chr2 bridges 1. During prophase, SRBD1 safeguards the decatenation process to prevent difficult-to-resolve DNA structures that cause missegregation 2. SRBD1 inactivation causes micronuclei, chr2 bridges, and cell death 1. Beyond mitotic functions, SRBD1 regulates nucleus pulposus cell senescence through selective autophagy pathways; its accumulation promotes cellular senescence via AKT1/p53 and RB/p16 signaling 3. Clinically, SRBD1 polymorphisms are associated with primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma susceptibility in humans 4, with shared genetic risk loci identified across human and canine populations 5. In non-small cell lung cancer, SRBD1 silencing inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis, suggesting oncogenic functions 6. The protein represents a multi-functional genome maintenance factor with implications for both degenerative and neoplastic diseases.