SRXN1 (sulfiredoxin 1) is a key oxidoreductase that functions as a desulfinylase enzyme, catalyzing the ATP-dependent reduction of cysteine-sulfinic acid (Cys-SO₂H) formed in peroxiredoxins PRDX1, PRDX2, PRDX3, and PRDX4 during oxidative stress 12. This process occurs through a multi-step phosphotransferase and thioltransferase mechanism 12. SRXN1 serves as a robust biomarker of NRF2-mediated antioxidant signaling across multiple cell types and tissues 3. Mechanistically, SRXN1 modulates cellular responses to oxidative stress, with evidence showing context-dependent roles. In liver, SRXN1 protects against fibrosis by desulfinylating PTPN12, enhancing its phosphatase activity and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation 4. SRXN1 overexpression also ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via the Sirt1/NLRP3 pathway 5. Conversely, SRXN1 expression correlates with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer, where it promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis through ROS/p65/BTG2 signaling and EMT pathways 67. Genetic polymorphisms in SRXN1 are associated with cerebrovascular disease 8, and SRXN1 emerges as a ferroptosis-related biomarker in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 9.