TARM1 is an activating immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) receptor expressed on myeloid cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages 1. It associates with the FcRγ signaling adaptor 1 and functions as a costimulatory receptor that enhances Toll-like receptor-mediated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, IL-18, IL-1β, TNF) when ligated in the presence of TLR ligands 12. TARM1 upregulates reactive oxygen species production and enhances macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular killing of pathogens 2. Conversely, TARM1 negatively regulates CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation, possibly through binding an unknown T cell surface ligand, thereby raising the activation threshold for T cells 1. In macrophage autophagy, TARM1 is targeted for degradation via ubiquitination by E3 ligases MARCHF1 and MARCHF8, with subsequent clearance through autophagy-lysosomal pathways, which suppresses inflammatory responses 3. Disease relevance includes tuberculosis, where TARM1 upregulation on monocytes correlates with active disease and blocking TARM1 impairs anti-mycobacterial immunity 2. TARM1 represents a potential therapeutic target for modulating inflammatory responses in infectious diseases and acute kidney injury 32.