Based on limited published evidence, TEX46 is a testis-enriched transmembrane protein essential for male fertility and reproduction. TEX46 is critical for proper sperm head formation and enabling sperm penetration through the egg zona pellucida. Loss of TEX46 causes male sterility through abnormal sperm head morphology, including malformed acrosomal caps and disrupted acrosome-nucleus architecture, alongside secondary effects on sperm motility 1. The protein is conserved across vertebrates from amphibians to mammals.