TGFBI (transforming growth factor beta induced) encodes an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that plays critical roles in cell adhesion, tissue homeostasis, and disease pathogenesis 1. The protein functions primarily as a secreted factor that mediates cell-matrix interactions and regulates cellular behavior through integrin binding 2. In cancer contexts, TGFBI is predominantly produced by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), particularly M2-polarized macrophages, where it promotes immunosuppression and tumor progression 32. The protein maintains glioma stem cells through integrin αvβ5-Src-Stat3 signaling and stabilizes EphA2 under hypoxic conditions 24. TGFBI also facilitates macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and enhances tumor growth in pancreatic cancer 5. Beyond oncology, TGFBI contributes to tissue repair by promoting epidermal stem cell growth and wound healing 6. Clinically, TGFBI mutations are associated with various corneal dystrophies, and elevated plasma levels serve as biomarkers for liver disease and glioblastoma 72. The protein's diverse roles in extracellular matrix organization, immune modulation, and stem cell maintenance make it a significant therapeutic target across multiple diseases.