TMPO (thymopoietin) encodes nuclear proteins that function in both immunoregulation and nuclear architecture. The gene produces three isoforms (α, β, γ) via alternative splicing, localized to the nucleoplasm or nuclear membrane 1. TMPO-β is the human homologue of lamina-associated polypeptide 2 (LAP2), binding lamin B1 and chr12 in a phosphorylation-regulated manner to control nuclear architecture 1. The protein may facilitate T-cell development and immune function through its pentapeptide derivative thymopentin. In cancer biology, TMPO has emerged as a significant regulator of metastatic progression. TMPO activity is upregulated in advanced prostate tumors, metastases, and circulating tumor cells, promoting cellular dissemination by enhancing survival under metabolic stress 2. Additionally, the antisense lncRNA TMPO-AS1 drives oncogenic processes across multiple cancer types by regulating TMPO expression through biomolecular condensate formation with FUS and p300 at the TMPO promoter 3. TMPO-AS1 also promotes cancer progression via miRNA sponging and ferroptosis resistance mechanisms 4, 5. Clinically, TMPO serves as a prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer risk stratification 6, and autoantibodies against TMPO have been identified in Sjögren's disease diagnosis 7. Both TMPO and TMPO-AS1 represent potential therapeutic targets in multiple malignancies.