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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
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TOMM34
translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 34
Chromosome 20 · 20q13.12
NCBI Gene: 10953Ensembl: ENSG00000025772.9HGNC: HGNC:15746UniProt: Q15785
81PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingheat shock protein bindingprotein import into mitochondrial matrixmitochondrionovarian neoplasmoral squamous cell carcinomahepatocellular carcinomaneoplasm
✦AI Summary

TOMM34 (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 34) is a cytosolic chaperone-like protein that facilitates mitochondrial protein import by maintaining precursor proteins in an unfolded, import-compatible state 1. The protein contains two tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains that enable simultaneous binding to both HSP70 and HSP90, forming a tripartite Hsp70-TOMM34-Hsp90 chaperone complex 2. TOMM34 function is regulated by protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation at Ser93 and Ser160, which promotes binding to 14-3-3 adaptor proteins and modulates HSP70 interactions 3. Expression is primarily controlled by nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), reflecting its role in mitochondrial biogenesis 1. TOMM34 is frequently overexpressed in multiple cancers, including colorectal, ovarian, and oral squamous cell carcinomas, where it promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while maintaining mitochondrial integrity and reducing oxidative stress 456. In hepatocellular carcinoma, TOMM34 interacts with ATP5B to preserve mitochondrial ATP synthesis during metabolic stress 7. Additionally, TOMM34 contributes to antiviral immunity by facilitating NF-κB activation through TRAF6-mediated NEMO ubiquitination, playing a role in hyperinflammation during severe COVID-19 and influenza infections 8.

Sources cited
1
TOMM34 is a cytosolic chaperone-like protein that helps import preproteins to mitochondria and is regulated by NRF-1
PMID: 18364745
2
TOMM34 contains TPR domains that bind HSP70 and HSP90 simultaneously, forming a tripartite chaperone complex
PMID: 24567332
3
TOMM34 function is regulated by PKA-mediated phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding, which modulates HSP70 interactions
PMID: 32371396
4
TOMM34 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer as part of chromosome 20q amplicon
PMID: 25043054
5
TOMM34 is highly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancers and correlates with tumor type and FIGO stage
PMID: 30917858
6
TOMM34 promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and maintains mitochondrial integrity
PMID: 36367442
7
TOMM34 interacts with ATP5B to preserve mitochondrial ATP synthesis during metabolic stress
PMID: 36321555
8
TOMM34 facilitates NF-κB activation through TRAF6-mediated NEMO ubiquitination in antiviral immunity
PMID: 39276680
Disease Associationsⓘ20
ovarian neoplasmOpen Targets
0.27Weak
oral squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
acute myeloid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
COVID-19Open Targets
0.04Suggestive
viral diseaseOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
colorectal cancerOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
influenzaOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
ovarian cancerOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
head and neck squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
ovarian carcinomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
Invasive Breast CarcinomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
bladder transitional cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
lung cancerOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
Alzheimer diseaseOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
carcinomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
TIMM23BShared pathway100%HSP90AB1Protein interaction100%HSP90AA1Protein interaction100%DNAJC7Protein interaction72%DNAJC19Shared pathway50%TOMM40LShared pathway50%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Brain
100%
Bone Marrow
88%
Ovary
77%
Liver
57%
Heart
45%
Lung
39%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
TOMM34TIMM23BHSP90AB1HSP90AA1DNAJC7DNAJC19TOMM40L
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt Q15785
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.89LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.63 [0.46–0.89]
RankingsWhere TOMM34 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #5,911of 20,598
    Most Researched81
  • #7,922of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.89
Genes detectedTOMM34
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Proteogenomic characterization of human colon and rectal cancer.
PMID: 25043054
Nature · 2014
1.00
2
TOMM34 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC and modulates mitochondrial function.
PMID: 36367442
J Oral Pathol Med · 2023
0.90
3
Role of TOMM34 on NF-κB activation-related hyperinflammation in severely ill patients with COVID-19 and influenza.
PMID: 39276680
EBioMedicine · 2024
0.80
4
Tomm34 is commonly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer and associates with tumour type and high FIGO stage.
PMID: 30917858
J Ovarian Res · 2019
0.70
5
NRF-1 is the major transcription factor regulating the expression of the human TOMM34 gene.
PMID: 18364745
Biochem Cell Biol · 2008
0.60