TOMM40 encodes a channel-forming protein essential for the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex, which is critical for recognizing and translocating cytosolically synthesized mitochondrial preproteins 1. The protein plays a crucial role in mitochondrial quality control by interacting with key mitophagy regulators, as evidenced by the interaction between Tufm and TOMM40 on mitochondria being essential for Tufm-mediated mitophagy 1. Beyond protein import, TOMM40 contributes to mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly by forming complexes that mediate translocation of Complex I components from cytosol to mitochondria. TOMM40 has significant disease relevance, particularly in neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. Multiple studies demonstrate strong associations between TOMM40 genetic variants (especially rs2075650 and rs10524523) and Alzheimer's disease susceptibility across Caucasian and Asian populations 2. The gene variants are also linked to healthy aging markers, including BMI changes, brain integrity, cognitive functions, and longevity 3. Additionally, TOMM40 SNPs show associations with dyslipidemia and ischemic stroke risk through interactions with blood pressure and circulating lipid metabolism 45. These findings highlight TOMM40's dual role in fundamental mitochondrial function and susceptibility to age-related diseases.