TPT1 (tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1) is a calcium-binding protein involved in microtubule stabilization and apoptotic regulation 123. It functions as a negative regulator of apoptosis by interacting with and destabilizing the TSC22D1 protein, thereby suppressing TSC22D1-mediated cell death 4. TPT1 also negatively regulates autophagy and DNA damage-induced apoptotic pathways, positioning it as a key anti-apoptotic factor. In disease contexts, TPT1 dysregulation is particularly relevant in cancer. The long noncoding RNA TPT1-AS1, which shares regulatory networks with TPT1, is significantly upregulated in tumor tissues and correlates with poor prognosis, advanced disease stage, larger tumor size, and lymph node metastasis 5. TPT1-AS1 promotes cancer progression through miRNA sponging and cell cycle regulation 56. Additionally, H. pylori infection stabilizes TPT1 through hnRNPK interaction, driving gastric intestinal metaplasia—a precancerous lesion—via OCT1-mediated CDX2 activation 7. TPT1 serves as a reliable normalization control gene for quantitative RT-PCR in cancer tissues 8 and has been identified as a prognostic factor in breast cancer and a regulator of tumor suppressors and cancer stem cells 9.