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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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TRA2A
transformer 2 alpha homolog
Chromosome 7 · 7p15.3
NCBI Gene: 29896Ensembl: ENSG00000164548.13HGNC: HGNC:16645UniProt: Q13595
138PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
nucleolusRNA bindingnucleusnucleoplasmAbnormality of the skeletal systemneurodegenerative diseasediabetes mellitusendometriosis
✦AI Summary

TRA2A (transformer 2 alpha homolog) is a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that regulates pre-mRNA splicing and plays critical roles in cancer progression and disease pathogenesis 1. In cancer contexts, TRA2A promotes tumor progression through multiple mechanisms: it facilitates proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioma cells 2, and drives paclitaxel resistance in triple-negative breast cancer by controlling alternative splicing of cancer-related genes like RSRC2 1. TRA2A also contributes to metastatic prostate cancer by promoting M2-tumor-associated macrophage infiltration through IL32 splicing regulation 3. Beyond its canonical splicing function, TRA2A exhibits noncanonical roles in lncRNA regulation, coordinating with methylation proteins to promote oncogenic MALAT1 stability in esophageal cancer 4. In viral infections, TRA2A determines influenza A virus host adaptation by regulating viral mRNA splicing differently for avian versus human strains 5. TRA2A is clinically significant as it correlates with poor prognosis across multiple cancer types and represents a potential therapeutic target. Its overexpression is associated with advanced pathological progression and chemotherapy resistance, making it valuable for clinical treatment decisions and patient outcome prediction 12.

Sources cited
1
TRA2A is a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that promotes paclitaxel resistance and tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer through alternative splicing regulation
PMID: 28416606
2
TRA2A promotes proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition in glioma cells and is overexpressed in glioma tissue
PMID: 30367895
3
TRA2A contributes to metastatic prostate cancer by promoting M2-tumor-associated macrophage infiltration through IL32 splicing regulation
PMID: 40764928
4
TRA2A exhibits noncanonical function coordinating with methylation proteins to promote oncogenic MALAT1 stability in esophageal cancer
PMID: 37317053
5
TRA2A determines influenza A virus host adaptation by regulating viral mRNA splicing differently for avian versus human strains
PMID: 32596447
Disease Associationsⓘ20
Abnormality of the skeletal systemOpen Targets
0.39Weak
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.37Weak
diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.12Weak
endometriosisOpen Targets
0.10Weak
esophageal cancerOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
eosinophil peroxidase deficiencyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
immunodeficiency 88Open Targets
0.04Suggestive
neutropenia, severe congenital, 2, autosomal dominantOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
nonimmune chronic idiopathic neutropenia of adultsOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosisOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
chronic myeloproliferative disorderOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
pachyonychia congenitaOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
chronic myelogenous leukemiaOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
neutropenia, severe congenital, 1, autosomal dominantOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
esophageal squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndromeOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
ovarian neoplasmOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
HNRNPA1L3Shared pathway100%RBMXL1Shared pathway100%RBMY1EShared pathway100%RBMY1DShared pathway100%RBM44Shared pathway100%HNRNPA3Shared pathway100%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Bone Marrow
100%
Ovary
35%
Liver
22%
Lung
22%
Heart
14%
Brain
12%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
TRA2AHNRNPA1L3RBMXL1RBMY1ERBMY1DRBM44HNRNPA3
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt Q13595
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.98LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.70 [0.51–0.98]
RankingsWhere TRA2A stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #3,356of 20,598
    Most Researched138 · top quartile
  • #9,325of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.98
Genes detectedTRA2A
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Lnc-ZEB2-19 Inhibits the Progression and Lenvatinib Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Attenuating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway through the TRA2A/RSPH14 Axis.
PMID: 37564197
Int J Biol Sci · 2023
1.00
2
The CTSZ-TRA2A-IL32 axis defines a targetable macrophage-dependent pathway in metastatic prostate cancer.
PMID: 40764928
J Transl Med · 2025
0.90
3
TRA2A Promoted Paclitaxel Resistance and Tumor Progression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers via Regulating Alternative Splicing.
PMID: 28416606
Mol Cancer Ther · 2017
0.80
4
Human TRA2A determines influenza A virus host adaptation by regulating viral mRNA splicing.
PMID: 32596447
Sci Adv · 2020
0.70
5
Deciphering Shared Gene Signatures and Immune Infiltration Characteristics Between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis and Machine Learning.
PMID: 40374866
Reprod Sci · 2025
0.60