TRIR is an exoribonuclease that functions as a component of the telomerase RNA 3' end processing complex 1. It possesses both 3'-5' and 5'-3' exonuclease activity, with the ability to cleave unpaired RNA nucleotides from either terminus with higher efficiency for purine bases 1. Regarding disease relevance, TRIR has emerged as a potential prognostic biomarker in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). A recent study identified TRIR among nine disulfidptosis-related genes that significantly correlate with patient survival in LUSC 2. The risk stratification model incorporating TRIR demonstrated high predictive accuracy (C-index 0.78 at 1 year), with high-risk patients showing enriched immunosuppressive microenvironments 2. Additionally, TRIR has been implicated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) pathogenesis through RNA acetylation mechanisms, where it was identified as a prognostic risk-associated gene in a co-expression network involving N(4)-acetylcytidine modifications 3. This association suggests TRIR's involvement in RNA modification-driven tumorigenesis and its potential utility as a prognostic marker for personalized therapy design in TNBC.