TRNP1 (TMF1 regulated nuclear protein 1) is a DNA-binding transcription factor that primarily regulates neural progenitor cell proliferation and cerebral cortex development. In the brain, TRNP1 controls tangential, radial, and lateral expansion of the neocortex by regulating neural stem cell self-renewal and promoting the production of intermediate neural progenitors and basal radial glial cells 1. Dynamic TRNP1 expression levels establish a temporal window for outer subventricular zone formation during cortical development, with downregulation marking the transition to self-sustained basal radial glia lineages 2. Evolutionary analyses demonstrate that TRNP1 protein sequence and regulatory elements co-evolve with brain size and cortical folding across mammals, with higher TRNP1 activity correlating with increased neural stem cell proliferation rates in larger-brained species 3. Beyond neurodevelopment, TRNP1 has emerged as a prognostic biomarker in multiple cancers. In hepatocellular carcinoma, elevated TRNP1 expression is associated with cellular senescence and serves as a component of prognostic risk models predicting overall survival and immunotherapy response 4567. TRNP1 knockdown induces apoptosis and senescence in HCC cells, attenuating tumor growth 4. TRNP1 is also incorporated into liquid-liquid phase separation signatures for clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis 8. These findings suggest TRNP1 functions as both a developmental regulator controlling neurogenesis and a cancer-associated factor influencing tumor biology.