TUBA1B (tubulin alpha 1b) serves as a fundamental structural protein of microtubules, forming heterodimers with beta-tubulin that constitute the microtubule cytoskeleton essential for cellular organization and division 1. The protein exhibits GTPase activity and participates in microtubule dynamics through GTP binding and hydrolysis 1. TUBA1B plays critical roles in cell cycle regulation, driving tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion across multiple cancer types 2. In immune contexts, TUBA1B+ proliferating T cells represent a responsive cluster observed in EBV-associated infections, with reduced presence correlating with impaired immune responses in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 3. Similarly, TUBA1B+ tumor-associated macrophages constitute a newly identified proliferating subtype in breast cancer that contributes to tumor progression and immune modulation 4. The protein demonstrates significant clinical relevance as a biomarker, with elevated expression correlating with poor prognosis in multiple malignancies including Parkinson's disease risk 5, Wilms' tumor progression 6, lung adenocarcinoma outcomes 7, and high-risk neuroblastoma 8. TUBA1B overexpression is associated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments and advanced pathological stages, making it a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment 2.