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ยฉ 2026 GeneE
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GeneE
26 sources retrieved ยท Most recent: April 2026 ยท Index updated 14 days ago
โ“˜GeneE is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
TUBB2A
tubulin beta 2A class IIa
Chromosome 6 ยท 6p25.2
NCBI Gene: 7280Ensembl: ENSG00000137267.8HGNC: HGNC:12412UniProt: Q13885
286PubMed Papers
21Diseases
87Drugs
36Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Hub Gene
RESEARCH IMPACT
Trending
CLINICAL
FDA Approved TargetOMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
โœ“ Experimental GO Evidenceโœ“ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
sperm principal piecesperm end piececiliary tipextracellular vesiclecomplex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5Genetic central nervous system malformationbreast cancernon-small cell lung carcinoma
โœฆAI Summary

TUBB2A encodes a beta-tubulin isotype that is a fundamental component of microtubules, serving as the structural constituent of the neuronal cytoskeleton 1. As part of alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimers, TUBB2A contributes to microtubule dynamics essential for neuronal proliferation, migration, differentiation, and axonal transport during brain development 2. The protein functions through GTP-dependent polymerization, where tubulin heterodimers incorporate into microtubules with GTP binding crucial for proper dimer formation 3. Pathogenic variants in TUBB2A cause tubulinopathies, a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by cortical malformations including simplified gyral patterns, microcephaly, and cerebellar hypoplasia 31. These mutations typically impair alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimer formation and microtubule function, disrupting neuronal migration and brain development 4. Clinical manifestations include infantile-onset epilepsy, intellectual disability, movement disorders, and severe behavioral abnormalities, though milder phenotypes without intellectual disability have been reported 5. Prenatal diagnosis is possible through fetal imaging showing characteristic features like ventriculomegaly and cerebellar abnormalities 6. While most cases are de novo mutations causing severe phenotypes, some inherited variants are associated with attenuated clinical presentations 5.

Sources cited
1
TUBB2A mutations cause tubulinopathies with brain malformations and fewer than ten mutations are known in TUBB2A
PMID: 35915025
2
Tubulins are involved in neuronal proliferation, migration, differentiation, and cargo transport during brain development
PMID: 36943622
3
TUBB2A mutations cause simplified gyral patterning, infantile-onset epilepsy, and impair tubulin heterodimer formation
PMID: 24702957
4
TUBB2A variants disrupt alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimer formation and cause severe brain developmental disorders
PMID: 41080462
5
Prenatal diagnosis of TUBB2A tubulinopathies shows ventriculomegaly and cerebellar abnormalities
PMID: 36403095
6
Some TUBB2A variants cause milder phenotypes without intellectual disability and can be inherited
PMID: 40614697
Disease Associationsโ“˜21
complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5Open Targets
0.75Strong
Genetic central nervous system malformationOpen Targets
0.73Strong
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.61Moderate
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.60Moderate
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.60Moderate
breast neoplasmOpen Targets
0.60Moderate
breast carcinomaOpen Targets
0.60Moderate
goutOpen Targets
0.59Moderate
Hodgkins lymphomaOpen Targets
0.58Moderate
multiple myelomaOpen Targets
0.58Moderate
familial Mediterranean feverOpen Targets
0.58Moderate
cervical cancerOpen Targets
0.58Moderate
prostate cancerOpen Targets
0.58Moderate
diffuse large B-cell lymphomaOpen Targets
0.58Moderate
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.58Moderate
head and neck malignant neoplasiaOpen Targets
0.57Moderate
lymphomaOpen Targets
0.57Moderate
stomach neoplasmOpen Targets
0.57Moderate
prostate neoplasmOpen Targets
0.56Moderate
adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.56Moderate
Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 5UniProt
Pathogenic Variants36
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.292G>A (p.Gly98Arg)Pathogenic
not provided|Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5|Tubulinopathy
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2025โ†’ Residue 98
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.1249G>A (p.Asp417Asn)Pathogenic
not provided
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2025โ†’ Residue 417
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.785G>A (p.Arg262His)Pathogenic
not provided|Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2025โ†’ Residue 262
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.292G>C (p.Gly98Arg)Pathogenic
Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5|TUBB2A-related disorder
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2023โ†’ Residue 98
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.689C>T (p.Ser230Leu)Pathogenic
not provided|Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2023โ†’ Residue 230
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.967A>C (p.Met323Leu)Likely pathogenic
not provided|Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2023โ†’ Residue 323
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.394G>A (p.Gly132Ser)Pathogenic
not provided|Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2022โ†’ Residue 132
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.1033A>T (p.Ile345Phe)Pathogenic
Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5|TUBB2A-related tubulinopathy
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2020โ†’ Residue 345
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.580G>A (p.Glu194Lys)Pathogenic
not provided|Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2017โ†’ Residue 194
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.296A>G (p.Asn99Ser)Pathogenic
not provided
โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†2025โ†’ Residue 99
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.620T>C (p.Leu207Pro)Likely pathogenic
Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5
โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†2025โ†’ Residue 207
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.286G>A (p.Gly96Arg)Pathogenic
Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5
โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†2025โ†’ Residue 96
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.1204G>C (p.Gly402Arg)Likely pathogenic
Complex cortical dysplasia with other brain malformations 5
โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†2024โ†’ Residue 402
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.391C>T (p.Gln131Ter)Likely pathogenic
not provided
โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†2024โ†’ Residue 131
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.518C>G (p.Pro173Arg)Likely pathogenic
not provided
โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†2023โ†’ Residue 173
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.767A>G (p.Asn256Ser)Pathogenic
not provided
โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†2023โ†’ Residue 256
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.1070C>T (p.Pro357Leu)Pathogenic
not provided|Abnormal cerebral morphology
โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†2023โ†’ Residue 357
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.1088T>G (p.Met363Arg)Likely pathogenic
not provided
โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†2023โ†’ Residue 363
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.365A>C (p.Lys122Thr)Pathogenic
not provided
โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†2022โ†’ Residue 122
NM_001069.3(TUBB2A):c.935C>G (p.Thr312Arg)Likely pathogenic
not provided
โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†โ˜†2022โ†’ Residue 312
View on ClinVar โ†—
Drug Targets87
ABT-751Phase II
Tubulin beta inhibitor
AGS-16C3FPhase II
Tubulin disrupting agent
renal cell carcinoma
ANETUMAB RAVTANSINEPhase II
Tubulin inhibitor
malignant pleural mesothelioma
ANG1005Phase II
Tubulin inhibitor
ANVATABART OPADOTINPhase II/III
Tubulin inhibitor
HER2 Positive Breast Carcinoma
APRUTUMAB IXADOTINPhase I
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 binding agent
cancer
ASG-5MEPhase I
Choline transporter-like protein 4 binding agent
Malignant Pancreatic Neoplasm
AVE-9633Phase I
Myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 binding agent
myeloid leukemia
AZINTUXIZUMAB VEDOTINPhase I
SLAM family member 7 binding agent
multiple myeloma
BELANTAMAB MAFODOTINApproved
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17 binding agent
multiple myeloma
BIIB-015Phase I
Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 binding agent
BIVATUZUMAB MERTANSINEUNKNOWN
Tubulin inhibitor
BMS-275183Phase II
Tubulin stabiliser
BRENTUXIMAB VEDOTINApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
CABAZITAXELApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
prostate cancer
CANTUZUMAB MERTANSINEPhase II
Tubulin inhibitor
non-small cell lung carcinoma
CANTUZUMAB RAVTANSINEPhase II
Mucin-1 binding agent
stomach neoplasm
COLCHICINEApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
familial Mediterranean fever
COLTUXIMAB RAVTANSINEPhase II
Tubulin inhibitor
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
CROLIBULINPhase I/II
Tubulin inhibitor
DAVUNETIDEPhase III
Tubulin stabiliser
Cognitive impairment
DENINTUZUMAB MAFODOTINPhase II
B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 binding agent
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
DEPATUXIZUMAB MAFODOTINPhase III
Epidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 binding agent
glioblastoma multiforme
DISITAMAB VEDOTINPhase III
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 binding agent
breast cancer
DOCETAXELApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
DOCETAXEL ANHYDROUSApproved
Tubulin stabiliser
prostate cancer
DOLASTATIN-10Phase II
Tubulin inhibitor
ENAPOTAMAB VEDOTINPhase I/II
Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO binding agent
ENFORTUMAB VEDOTINApproved
Nectin-4 binding agent
EPOTHILONE DPhase II
Tubulin stabiliser
breast cancer
ERIBULINApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
breast cancer
ERIBULIN MESYLATEApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
breast cancer
FOSBRETABULINPhase III
Tubulin disrupting agent
thyroid cancer
FOSBRETABULIN DISODIUMPhase II
Tubulin inhibitor
neuroendocrine carcinoma
FOSBRETABULIN TROMETHAMINEPhase II/III
Tubulin disrupting agent
ovarian cancer
GLEMBATUMUMAB VEDOTINApproved
Transmembrane glycoprotein NMB binding agent
lymphoma
IMGN-388Phase I
Vitronectin receptor alpha binding agent
INDATUXIMAB RAVTANSINEPhase II
Syndecan-1 binding agent
multiple myeloma
INDIBULINPhase II
Tubulin inhibitor
INDUSATUMAB VEDOTINPhase II
Heat-stable enterotoxin receptor binding agent
IXABEPILONEApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
breast cancer
KOS-1584Phase II
Tubulin stabiliser
non-small cell lung carcinoma
LADIRATUZUMAB VEDOTINPhase II
Zinc transporter ZIP6 binding agent
breast cancer
LAROTAXELPhase III
Tubulin stabiliser
urinary bladder carcinoma
LEXIBULINPhase II
Tubulin inhibitor
glioblastoma multiforme
LIFASTUZUMAB VEDOTINPhase II
Sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B binding agent
ovarian cancer
LORVOTUZUMAB MERTANSINEPhase II
Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 binding agent
MECBOTAMAB VEDOTINPhase II
Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO binding agent
ovarian cancer
MILATAXELPhase II
Tubulin inhibitor
MIRVETUXIMAB SORAVTANSINEApproved
Folate receptor alpha binding agent
ovarian cancer
MLN-2704Phase I/II
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II binding agent
prostate cancer
OMBRABULINPhase III
Tubulin inhibitor
sarcoma
PACLITAXELApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
PACLITAXEL DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDPhase III
Tubulin stabiliser
non-small cell lung carcinoma
PACLITAXEL POLIGLUMEXApproved
Tubulin stabiliser
neoplasm
PATUPILONEPhase III
Tubulin stabiliser
PF-06263507Phase I
Tubulin inhibitor
PINATUZUMAB VEDOTINPhase II
CD22 binding agent
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
PLINABULINPhase III
Tubulin inhibitor
non-small cell lung carcinoma
PLOCABULINPhase II
Tubulin inhibitor
colorectal cancer
POLATUZUMAB VEDOTINApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
PRALUZATAMAB RAVTANSINEPhase II
Tubulin inhibitor
neoplasm
RG-7598Phase I
Fc receptor-like protein 5 binding agent
multiple myeloma
RG-7600Phase I
Tubulin inhibitor
ovarian cancer
RG-7636Phase I
Tubulin inhibitor
melanoma
RG-7841Phase I
Lymphocyte antigen 6E binding agent
SAGOPILONEPhase II
Tubulin stabiliser
breast cancer
SAR-566658Phase II
Tubulin inhibitor
triple-negative breast cancer
SOBLIDOTINPhase II
Tubulin inhibitor
SOFITUZUMAB VEDOTINPhase I
Mucin-16 binding agent
fallopian tube cancer
T-900607Phase II
Tubulin disrupting agent
hepatocellular carcinoma
TELISOTUZUMAB VEDOTINPhase III
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding agent
non-small cell lung carcinoma
TISOTUMAB VEDOTINApproved
Coagulation factor III binding agent
cervical cancer
TRASTUZUMAB BOTIDOTINPhase III
Tubulin inhibitor
HER2 Positive Breast Carcinoma
TRASTUZUMAB EMTANSINEApproved
Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase erbB-2 binding agent
TUSAMITAMAB RAVTANSINEPhase III
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 binding agent
non-small cell lung carcinoma
VANDORTUZUMAB VEDOTINPhase I
Metalloreductase STEAP1 binding agent
prostate cancer
VERUBULINPhase II
Tubulin disrupting agent
VINBLASTINEApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
VINBLASTINE SULFATEApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
lymphoma
VINCRISTINEApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
VINCRISTINE SULFATEApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
VINFLUNINEApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
VINFLUNINE DITARTRATEApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
benign urinary system neoplasm
VINORELBINEApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
VINORELBINE TARTRATEApproved
Tubulin inhibitor
VORSETUZUMAB MAFODOTINPhase I
Tubulin inhibitor
renal cell carcinoma
Related Genes
CCT5Protein interaction100%CCT8Protein interaction100%CCT2Protein interaction100%DYNC1H1Protein interaction100%DYNC1I1Protein interaction100%DYNC1I2Protein interaction100%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Brain
100%
Bone Marrow
31%
Liver
18%
Lung
4%
Heart
4%
Ovary
3%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
TUBB2ACCT5CCT8CCT2DYNC1H1DYNC1I1DYNC1I2
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewerโ€ฆ
PDB8V3O ยท 2.30 ร… ยท X-ray
View on RCSB โ†—
Constraintโ“˜
LOEUFโ“˜
0.45Moderately Constrained
pLIโ“˜
0.99Intolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.23 [0.12โ€“0.45]
RankingsWhere TUBB2A stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #1,261of 20,598
    Most Researched286 ยท top 10%
  • #60of 1,025
    FDA-Approved Drug Targets25 ยท top 10%
  • #1,637of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants36
  • #2,499of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.45 ยท top quartile
Genes detectedTUBB2A
Sources retrieved26 papers
Response timeโ€”
๐Ÿ“„ Sources
26โ–ผ
1
Tubulin mutations in human neurodevelopmental disorders.
PMID: 35915025
Semin Cell Dev Biol ยท 2023
1.00
2
Integrated analysis of single-cell RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics to identify the lactylation-related protein TUBB2A as a potential biomarker for glioblastoma in cancer cells by machine learning.
PMID: 40642071
Front Immunol ยท 2025
0.90
3
Pharmacogenetics of taxane-induced neurotoxicity in breast cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
PMID: 35892315
Clin Transl Sci ยท 2022
0.88
4
Defining the phenotypical spectrum associated with variants in
PMID: 32571897
J Med Genet ยท 2021
0.80
5
De novo mutations in the beta-tubulin gene TUBB2A cause simplified gyral patterning and infantile-onset epilepsy.
PMID: 24702957
Am J Hum Genet ยท 2014
0.80