TUBB4A encodes tubulin beta 4A, a brain-specific β-tubulin that forms heterodimers with α-tubulin to constitute microtubules, the major structural components of the cellular cytoskeleton 1. The protein functions as a structural constituent of microtubules and participates in microtubule cytoskeleton organization, with roles in mitotic cell cycle progression and cell migration 2. TUBB4A exhibits tissue-specific expression patterns, being minimally expressed in most normal tissues but highly expressed in certain cancers, particularly prostate cancer 2. Mechanistically, TUBB4A interacts with MYH9 to protect nuclear integrity during cell migration and regulates GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways 2. In glioma, TUBB4A functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating the ROS-PINK1/Parkin-mitophagy pathway 3. Disease-wise, TUBB4A mutations cause a spectrum of neurological disorders including dystonia (DYT-TUBB4A) and hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC) 45. These mutations lead to microtubule accumulation in oligodendrocytes and progressive hypomyelination 1. Clinically, TUBB4A serves as a prognostic biomarker in multiple cancers, with expression levels correlating with patient survival outcomes 63, making it a potential therapeutic target for both neurological disorders and cancer treatment.