ADIPOQ encodes adiponectin, a critical adipokine regulating metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis. The protein stimulates AMPK phosphorylation in liver and skeletal muscle to enhance glucose utilization and fatty acid oxidation 1. Adiponectin antagonizes TNF-α by suppressing its expression in liver and macrophages while inhibiting endothelial NF-κB signaling through cAMP-dependent mechanisms 1. The protein also negatively regulates cholesterol import and macrophage foam cell differentiation, contributing to anti-atherogenic effects 2. ADIPOQ variants associate with multiple metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Polymorphisms rs1501299 and rs2241766 show protective associations against cancer risk 3, while rs266729 and rs822395 increase coronary artery disease risk particularly in Asian populations 2. The rs1501299 polymorphism reduces diabetic retinopathy risk in diabetic patients 1. ADIPOQ variants also influence gestational diabetes mellitus susceptibility and polycystic ovary syndrome risk in ethnicity-dependent patterns 45. Recent proteomic studies identify adiponectin as a strong predictor of osteoporosis development, suggesting roles in bone metabolism pathways including lipid metabolism and immune regulation 6. Bone marrow adipocytes expressing ADIPOQ promote hematopoietic stem cell regeneration through SCF secretion 7.