ALDH3B1 is a NAD(P)+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase that catalyzes oxidation of medium- and long-chain aliphatic aldehydes and aromatic compounds like benzaldehyde to their corresponding carboxylic acids 1. The enzyme exhibits high affinity for lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes including octanal (Km=8 μM), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (Km=52 μM), and hexanal (Km=62 μM), but low activity toward short-chain aldehydes like acetaldehyde 2. ALDH3B1 is predominantly cytosolic and highly expressed in kidney, liver, lung, and testis 12. Functionally, ALDH3B1 provides cellular protection against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity through detoxification of lipid peroxidation products 12. Clinically, ALDH3B1 expression is upregulated in multiple human tumors, particularly lung, breast, and ovarian cancers 3. In gastric cancer, ALDH3B1 expression correlates with advanced tumor stage, elevated tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9), and poor prognosis, serving as an independent risk factor for 5-year postoperative mortality 4. High ALDH3B1 expression promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion 4. Serum ALDH3B1 shows diagnostic efficacy for gastric cancer, particularly when combined with CEA testing 5. Additionally, ALDH3B1 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for gout through Mendelian randomization analysis 6.