ARMC10 (armadillo repeat containing 10) is a mitochondrial protein with dual roles in neuronal regeneration and cellular metabolism. Functionally, ARMC10 serves as a high-affinity receptor for oncomodulin (Ocm), a myeloid-derived growth factor 1. Through this receptor function, ARMC10 enables axon regeneration in peripheral and optic nerves following injury and facilitates spinal cord axon regeneration in mice 1. Mechanistically, ARMC10 localizes to mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial dynamics by controlling fission and fusion processes 2. It interacts with the KIF5/Miro1-2/Trak2 mitochondrial trafficking complex to regulate the movement of mitochondria in neurons 2. ARMC10 is phosphorylated by AMPK at the S45 site, and this phosphorylation mediates AMPK-dependent mitochondrial fission 3. Additionally, ARMC10 activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to protect mitochondrial function and reduce neuronal apoptosis following ischemic stroke 4. Disease relevance includes neuroprotection against amyloid-beta-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and toxicity 2, and potential roles in glioblastoma progression through Notch pathway activation 5 and pancreatic adenocarcinoma where elevated ARMC10 correlates with poor prognosis 6. These findings suggest ARMC10 as a therapeutic target for nerve repair and neurodegenerative diseases.