ATG10 is an E2-like enzyme that plays a critical role in autophagy by catalyzing the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5, which is essential for autophagosome assembly and the autophagy process 1. The gene is upregulated during autophagy induction, as demonstrated in neurodegeneration models where trehalose treatment increased ATG10 expression alongside other autophagy-related components in a TFEB-dependent manner 1. ATG10 exhibits cell-type specific expression patterns, being notably overexpressed in club cells of lung epithelium 2. Disease association studies reveal that ATG10 polymorphisms, particularly rs1864183, show protective effects against esophageal cancer in certain genotypes 3 and are associated with clinical manifestations in ANCA-associated vasculitis, though not with disease susceptibility 4. In cancer contexts, ATG10 functions as part of exhausted CD8+ T cell signatures and serves as a prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma 5. Additionally, ATG10 is uniquely downregulated in kidney chr5 carcinoma and appears to be regulated by m6A RNA methylation, potentially linking it to cuproptosis pathways 6. These findings establish ATG10 as a key autophagy regulator with significant implications for neurodegeneration, cancer prognosis, and immune responses.