CA10 (carbonic anhydrase 10) is a catalytically inactive secreted glycoprotein predominantly expressed in the brain 1. Despite lacking hydro-lyase enzymatic activity, CA10 functions as a neurexin ligand, directly binding to conserved extracellular sequences of α- and β-neurexins through disulfide bond formation, thereby promoting neurexin surface expression and facilitating synaptic connectivity 1. CA10 is expressed in retinal bipolar cells and serves as a cell-type marker in the retina 2. In glioma pathogenesis, CA10 secreted by depolarized neurons inhibits glioma cell growth, migration, and tumorigenesis while promoting apoptosis through Akt signaling pathway modulation 3. Low CA10 expression correlates with poor glioma prognosis and shortened patient survival across multiple datasets 3. Beyond neurological roles, CA10 has been identified as a novel protein associated with chr17 obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis 4 and appears protective against ovarian cancer risk through genome-wide association studies 5. Additionally, CA10 has been implicated in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinogenesis, where its upregulation through miR-27b repression promotes oncogenic transformation 6. These findings establish CA10 as a multifunctional synaptic protein with critical roles in neuronal-glial interactions and potential involvement in cancer biology.