CAVIN2 (caveolae associated protein 2) is a key regulator of caveolar biogenesis and membrane dynamics. CAVIN2 plays a crucial role in caveolae-mediated endocytosis, facilitating the cellular uptake of extracellular vesicles and therapeutic cargo 1. The protein functions as a membrane curvature regulator within caveolae and exhibits tissue-specific requirements for caveolar formation. Mechanistically, CAVIN2 can bind to ERK1/2 and inhibit MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway activation, thereby reducing inflammatory responses and autophagy 2. In disease contexts, CAVIN2 functions as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma, where it is significantly downregulated through promoter methylation 3. Overexpression of CAVIN2 inhibits cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis 4. The protein also shows therapeutic potential in ventilator-induced lung injury by attenuating inflammatory responses 2. CAVIN2 has been identified as a distinctive marker in mast cells associated with osteoarthritis pathology 5. Clinical significance includes its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, with engineered CAVIN2-modified exosomes showing promise for treating intervertebral disc degeneration 6.