CCL7 is a C-C motif chemokine that functions as a critical chemotactic factor and immune regulator. Structurally, it binds multiple chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR5 to facilitate immune cell recruitment and migration to inflamed tissues 12. At the cellular level, CCL7 activates signaling cascades including ERK phosphorylation via CCR2/CCR3, STAT1 succinylation through CCR1, and NF-κB activation in macrophages to promote inflammatory responses and metabolic reprogramming 34. CCL7 also modulates monocyte homeostasis and macrophage polarization toward pro-inflammatory phenotypes. Clinically, elevated CCL7 expression correlates with multiple pathological conditions. In inflammatory bowel disease, macrophage-derived CCL7 recruits pro-inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes to colonic tissue 5. In sepsis-associated acute lung injury, endothelial-derived CCL7 drives M1 macrophage polarization through metabolic reprogramming 3. In diabetic vasculopathy, CCL7 impairs endothelial cell function and angiogenesis through CCR3-mediated pathways 6. Additionally, tumor-derived or fibroblast-derived CCL7 promotes immunosuppression and metastasis in breast cancer and pancreatic cancer by recruiting immunosuppressive monocytes and facilitating cancer cell-nerve interactions 78. Conversely, FMRP-mediated CCL7 repression supports immune evasion, suggesting context-dependent roles in immunity 9. Targeting the CCL7-receptor axis represents a therapeutic opportunity across inflammatory and malignant diseases.