CSPG4 (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4) is a transmembrane proteoglycan that serves as a critical regulator of cell behavior in both normal development and disease. In the central nervous system, CSPG4 (also known as NG2) is expressed by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and plays essential roles in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination 1. The protein functions as a multivalent signaling platform, interacting with over 40 putative ligands through its extracellular domain while connecting to cytoskeletal regulators via its cytoplasmic tail 2. CSPG4 undergoes extensive post-translational processing, generating multiple glycoforms with variant-specific functions and enabling both inside-out and outside-in signal transduction 2. In pathological contexts, CSPG4 is significantly overexpressed in various cancers, particularly melanoma, where it drives cancer progression through proliferation, motility, and metastatic pathways 34. This tumor-associated overexpression makes CSPG4 an attractive therapeutic target, with engineered CAR-T cells and CAR-macrophages showing promising anti-tumor activity in preclinical models 56. Following CNS injury, CSPG4 accumulates in glial scars where it may influence tissue repair and regeneration 7. The protein's structural complexity and multifunctional nature underscore its importance in cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis.