DMC1 (DNA meiotic recombinase 1) is a strand exchange recombinase essential for meiotic homologous recombination 1. DMC1 catalyzes pairing and shuffling of homologous DNA sequences by assembling into nucleoprotein filaments on single-stranded DNA, facilitating homologous strand assimilation and resolution of meiotic double-strand breaks 12. The protein functions through distinct molecular interfaces: it binds BRCA2's P-motifs (PhePP) via a conserved phenylalanine, which stabilizes DMC1 nucleoprotein filaments and increases strand invasion efficiency 3. DMC1 recruitment to meiotic double-strand break sites is facilitated by RNase H1-mediated degradation of DNA-RNA hybrids and is negatively regulated by the FIGNL1-FIRRM complex to prevent aberrant loading on intact chr22 45. Histone lactylation associates with DMC1 at recombination hotspots, linking metabolic signaling to meiotic gene expression 6. Clinically, DMC1 mutations cause primary ovarian insufficiency in women 7 and non-obstructive azoospermia in men 8, with all individuals harboring meiotic gene defects showing unsuccessful sperm retrieval, indicating diagnostic value for predicting treatment outcomes 8.