DUT encodes deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of dUTP to dUMP and pyrophosphate, preventing uracil misincorporation into DNA while providing substrate for thymidylate biosynthesis 1. The enzyme exists in multiple isoforms including nuclear (DUT-N), mitochondrial (DUT-M), and two newly identified cytoplasmic forms (DUT-3, DUT-4), with DUT-N showing highest expression levels 2. DUT plays a critical role in maintaining DNA integrity and genomic stability through its uracil processing function 3. The enzyme also participates in mitochondrial biogenesis, where it is activated by malic enzyme 2 (ME2) dimers to foster thymidine generation and increase mtDNA content 4. Disease relevance includes bone marrow failure and diabetes mellitus syndrome, with the DUT p.Y116C mutation causing thrombocytopenia through mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced mitophagy 5. Additionally, specific DUT polymorphisms (rs3784619 and rs11637235) significantly increase susceptibility to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in HR-HPV positive cases 1. These findings highlight DUT's importance in DNA metabolism, mitochondrial function, and cancer prevention.