EEF1E1 (eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 epsilon 1) is a multifunctional protein with dual roles in translation and cellular stress responses. As a component of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multisynthetase complex, EEF1E1 anchors methionyl-tRNA synthetase and regulates homocysteine editing to maintain translation fidelity 1. Beyond translation, EEF1E1 functions as a positive modulator of ATM-mediated DNA damage responses and participates in the EEF1E1/ATM/p53 signaling pathway 2. EEF1E1 can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation to form condensates that promote tumor stemness and DNA repair processes 3. Clinically, EEF1E1 expression is significantly elevated in multiple cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer, correlating with worse prognosis and immune evasion 2, 4, 5. In muscle physiology, elevated EEF1E1 promotes myoblast senescence and skeletal muscle atrophy; high-intensity interval training reduces EEF1E1 expression and mitigates age-related muscle decline more effectively than moderate-intensity training 6. EEF1E1 has also been identified as a genetic biomarker in ankylosing spondylitis and chr6 kidney disease 7, 8. EEF1E1 represents a potential therapeutic target for cancer stemness, sarcopenia prevention, and improving translation fidelity in cardiac homeostasis.