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GeneE
10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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ENHO
energy homeostasis associated
Chromosome 9 · 9p13.3
NCBI Gene: 375704Ensembl: ENSG00000168913.8HGNC: HGNC:24838UniProt: Q6UWT2
56PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
hormone activityenergy homeostasisGO:0005615plasma membraneosteoarthritis, kneeosteoarthritis, hiposteoarthritisneoplasm
✦AI Summary

ENHO encodes adropin, a secreted peptide hormone that regulates energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and lipid homeostasis 1. The protein functions as an anti-fibrotic factor, with reduced ENHO/adropin expression observed in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, where TGFβ downregulates ENHO through JNK-dependent mechanisms 2. Adropin exerts its anti-fibrotic effects by binding to GPR19 receptor and deactivating GLI1-dependent profibrotic transcriptional networks 2. In vascular contexts, adropin inhibits atherosclerosis progression by preventing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition through suppression of TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling 3. The gene shows tissue-specific expression patterns reflecting circadian control, with strong correlations to lipoprotein metabolism in liver and mitochondrial oxidative processes across tissues 4. ENHO expression is associated with immune regulation, particularly macrophage polarization, where adropin promotes M1-to-M2 macrophage repolarization through PPARγ-mediated lipid metabolism regulation 5. Genetic variants in ENHO are associated with dyslipidemia patterns and cardiovascular outcomes in hemodialysis patients 1. The protein serves as a potential biomarker for early SSc diagnosis when combined with NOX4 6.

Sources cited
1
ENHO encodes adropin and is involved in energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism regulation
PMID: 30413149
2
ENHO/adropin is downregulated in systemic sclerosis by TGFβ and functions as anti-fibrotic factor through GPR19/GLI1 pathway
PMID: 38536934
3
Adropin inhibits atherosclerosis by preventing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway
PMID: 37903785
4
ENHO expression reflects circadian control and correlates with lipoprotein metabolism and mitochondrial processes
PMID: 40578684
5
Adropin regulates macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 through PPARγ-mediated lipid metabolism
PMID: 37688913
6
ENHO serves as potential biomarker for early systemic sclerosis diagnosis
PMID: 38348042
Disease Associationsⓘ20
osteoarthritis, kneeOpen Targets
0.30Weak
osteoarthritis, hipOpen Targets
0.22Weak
osteoarthritisOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
non-alcoholic steatohepatitisOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
subarachnoid hemorrhageOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
gestational diabetesOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
chronic kidney diseaseOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
lipodystrophy, congenital generalized, type 5Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
inherited lipid metabolism disorderOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
Ischemic strokeOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
strokeOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
PLIN1-related familial partial lipodystrophyOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
CIDEC-related familial partial lipodystrophyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiencyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
LIPE-related familial partial lipodystrophyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
PPARG-related familial partial lipodystrophyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
familial partial lipodystrophy, Kobberling typeOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Familial partial lipodystrophy, Köbberling typeOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
GPR19Protein interaction90%SUCNR1Shared pathway50%CCDC198Shared pathway50%PPRC1Shared pathway50%GPBAR1Shared pathway33%NOTCH2NLAShared pathway33%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Brain
100%
Liver
23%
Bone Marrow
6%
Heart
1%
Ovary
1%
Lung
1%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
ENHOGPR19SUCNR1CCDC198PPRC1GPBAR1NOTCH2NLA
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt Q6UWT2
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.87LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.01Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF1.15 [0.58–1.87]
RankingsWhere ENHO stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #8,063of 20,598
    Most Researched56
  • #17,027of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.87
Genes detectedENHO
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Attenuation of fibroblast activation and fibrosis by adropin in systemic sclerosis.
PMID: 38536934
Sci Transl Med · 2024
1.00
2
ENHO gene expression and serum adropin level in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
PMID: 30141839
Adv Clin Exp Med · 2018
0.90
3
Serum adropin level and ENHO gene expression in systemic sclerosis.
PMID: 27079850
Clin Rheumatol · 2016
0.80
4
Adropin inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE
PMID: 37903785
Cell Death Discov · 2023
0.70
5
ENHO, RXRA, and LXRA polymorphisms and dyslipidaemia, related comorbidities and survival in haemodialysis patients.
PMID: 30413149
BMC Med Genet · 2018
0.60