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GeneE
10 sources retrieved Β· Most recent: April 2026 Β· Index updated 14 days ago
β“˜GeneE is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
GRID2
glutamate ionotropic receptor delta type subunit 2
Chromosome 4 Β· 4q22.1-q22.2
NCBI Gene: 2895Ensembl: ENSG00000152208.13HGNC: HGNC:4576UniProt: O43424
42PubMed Papers
21Diseases
0Drugs
18Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Highly ConstrainedIon ChannelReceptorTransporter
CLINICAL
OMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
βœ“ Experimental GO Evidenceβœ“ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
excitatory synapse assemblypositive regulation of synapse assemblytransmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potentialsynaptic signaling via neuropeptideautosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18Autosomal recessive congenital cerebellar ataxia due to GRID2 deficiencygenetic disorderneurodegenerative disease
✦AI Summary

GRID2 encodes glutamate receptor delta-2 (GluD2), a member of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family that plays crucial roles in cerebellar synaptic organization and development 1. Unlike typical glutamate receptors, GluD2 does not bind glutamate as a primary ligand but instead forms tetrameric receptors essential for synapse organization in cerebellar Purkinje cells 1. The protein is selectively expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells and mediates synaptogenesis through complex formation with cerebellin proteins 2 1. Mechanistically, certain variants create constitutively active channels, disrupting normal receptor function 1. Disease relevance is significant, as GRID2 mutations cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 18 (SCAR18), an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia 2 3. Loss-of-function mutations, including homozygous deletions and duplications, result in cerebellar ataxia, atrophy, developmental delay, and oculomotor abnormalities 2 3. Recently, de novo heterozygous variants have been associated with progressive ataxia and novel findings of alpha-fetoprotein elevation 4. Clinically, GRID2 variants demonstrate genotype-phenotype correlations with intolerant domains identified in both amino terminal and transmembrane regions, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for receptor modulation 1.

Sources cited
1
GRID2 encodes GluD2 tetrameric receptors important for synapse organization, variants create constitutively active channels, and intolerant domains have been identified
PMID: 37944084
2
GluD2 is selectively expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells and homozygous deletions cause human cerebellar ataxia phenotype
PMID: 23611888
3
GRID2 duplications cause loss-of-function and autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 18
PMID: 32170608
4
De novo heterozygous GRID2 variants cause progressive ataxia with novel alpha-fetoprotein elevation
PMID: 39312122
⚠Limited data available β€” This gene has 4 indexed publications. Summary and analysis may be incomplete.
Disease Associationsβ“˜21
autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18Open Targets
0.77Strong
Autosomal recessive congenital cerebellar ataxia due to GRID2 deficiencyOpen Targets
0.73Strong
genetic disorderOpen Targets
0.47Moderate
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.45Moderate
diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.35Weak
obesityOpen Targets
0.33Weak
smoking cessationOpen Targets
0.33Weak
facial painOpen Targets
0.32Weak
intelligenceOpen Targets
0.30Weak
dementiaOpen Targets
0.30Weak
polyp of colonOpen Targets
0.29Weak
Abnormal nasolacrimal system morphologyOpen Targets
0.28Weak
acquired thrombocytopeniaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
cystic kidney diseaseOpen Targets
0.28Weak
Raynaud diseaseOpen Targets
0.28Weak
sinoatrial node disorderOpen Targets
0.28Weak
smoking initiationOpen Targets
0.28Weak
eye diseaseOpen Targets
0.27Weak
strictureOpen Targets
0.27Weak
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.26Weak
Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive, 18UniProt
Pathogenic Variants18
NM_001510.4(GRID2):c.1960G>A (p.Ala654Thr)Pathogenic
Inborn genetic diseases|not provided
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2024β†’ Residue 654
NM_001510.4(GRID2):c.1945A>G (p.Thr649Ala)Pathogenic
See cases|Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2023β†’ Residue 649
NM_001510.4(GRID2):c.1949C>T (p.Ala650Val)Likely pathogenic
not provided
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2024β†’ Residue 650
GRCh38/hg38 4q22.1(chr4:92303869-92304842)x0Pathogenic
Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2023
NM_001510.4(GRID2):c.1913G>A (p.Trp638Ter)Likely pathogenic
not provided
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2020β†’ Residue 638
NM_001510.4(GRID2):c.568C>T (p.Gln190Ter)Pathogenic
Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2020β†’ Residue 190
NM_001510.4(GRID2):c.53G>A (p.Trp18Ter)Likely pathogenic
not provided
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2018β†’ Residue 18
NC_000004.12:g.(?_92930845)_(93092974_?)delLikely pathogenic
Schizophrenia
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2018
NC_000004.12:g.(?_92590068)_(92732357_?)delLikely pathogenic
Schizophrenia
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2018
NM_001510.4(GRID2):c.671G>A (p.Arg224Gln)Likely pathogenic
Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2017β†’ Residue 224
NM_001510.4(GRID2):c.1961C>G (p.Ala654Gly)Pathogenic
Inborn genetic diseases
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2016β†’ Residue 654
NM_001510.4(GRID2):c.910C>T (p.Arg304Ter)Likely pathogenic
Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18
β˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†2019β†’ Residue 304
NM_001510.4(GRID2):c.2128C>T (p.Arg710Trp)Pathogenic
Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18
β˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†2017β†’ Residue 710
NM_001510.3(GRID2):c.530-12057_735+24661del36924Pathogenic
Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18
β˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†2013
NC_000004.12:g.92559959_92610106delPathogenic
Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18
β˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†2013
NC_000004.12:g.92491792_92826931delPathogenic
Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18
β˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†2013
GRCh38/hg38 4q22.2(chr4:92833132-93124343)x1Likely pathogenic
See cases
β˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†2013
NC_000004.12:g.93013415_93157863delPathogenic
Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18
β˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†2013
View on ClinVar β†—
Related Genes
NRXN1Protein interaction99%NRXN2Protein interaction99%DLG4Protein interaction99%GRID2IPProtein interaction98%GRIN2AProtein interaction98%SPTBN2Protein interaction95%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Brain
100%
Ovary
36%
Heart
18%
Bone Marrow
4%
Lung
1%
Liver
1%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
GRID2NRXN1NRXN2DLG4GRID2IPGRIN2ASPTBN2
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB5KC8 Β· 1.75 Γ… Β· X-ray
View on RCSB β†—
Constraintβ“˜
LOEUFβ“˜
0.33Highly Constrained
pLIβ“˜
1.00Intolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.18 [0.10–0.33]
RankingsWhere GRID2 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #9,881of 20,598
    Most Researched42
  • #2,298of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants18
  • #1,401of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.33 Β· top 10%
Genes detectedGRID2
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response timeβ€”
πŸ“„ Sources
10β–Ό
1
Clinical features, functional consequences, and rescue pharmacology of missense GRID1 and GRID2 human variants.
PMID: 37944084
Hum Mol Genet Β· 2024
1.00
2
The human glutamate receptor delta 2 gene (GRID2) maps to chromosome 4q22.
PMID: 9465309
Genomics Β· 1998
0.90
3
De Novo GRID2 Variant as a Cause of Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia and Alpha-Fetoprotein Elevation.
PMID: 39312122
Cerebellum Β· 2024
0.80
4
Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 18 caused by homozygous exon 14 duplication in GRID2 and review of the literature.
PMID: 32170608
Acta Neurol Belg Β· 2021
0.70
5
A homozygous deletion in GRID2 causes a human phenotype with cerebellar ataxia and atrophy.
PMID: 23611888
J Child Neurol Β· 2013
0.60