HNRNPR (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R) is a component of ribonucleosomes that plays critical roles in RNA processing and splicing. As a member of the hnRNP family, HNRNPR functions in precursor mRNA processing through RNA binding and spliceosomal complex participation 1. Beyond canonical splicing, HNRNPR regulates gene expression through m6A-dependent mechanisms: it stabilizes ASCL1 mRNA in neuroblastoma by binding to its untranslated regions in an m6A-dependent manner 2, protects XB130 mRNA from exonuclease degradation in lung cancer 3, and mediates UPF3B alternative splicing in hepatocellular carcinoma 4. Clinically, HNRNPR mutations cause neurodevelopmental disorders with dysmorphic facies and skeletal/brain abnormalities, with enriched de novo variants identified across 188-221 NDD probands showing radial glial expression patterns critical for cerebral cortical development 1. Additionally, HNRNPR mutations cause male infertility through disrupted m6A-dependent splicing of spermiogenesis genes (SKAP2, PLCZ1), affecting sperm motility and morphology 56. In cancer, HNRNPR is frequently overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma, where it promotes tumor progression through EMT activation and immune modulation 7. These findings establish HNRNPR as a multifunctional regulator with pathogenic roles in neurodevelopment, fertility, and oncology.