ILF3 (interleukin enhancer binding factor 3) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein with diverse roles in cellular regulation and disease pathogenesis. Primary Function: ILF3 functions as an RNA-binding protein involved in mRNA stability and translation regulation 1. It also serves as a lysosomal adaptor protein that tethers GATOR complexes to lysosomes, controlling mTORC1-dependent amino acid sensing 2. Mechanism: ILF3 recognizes m6A-modified RNA sequences and stabilizes target mRNA transcripts including ILF3 itself and SGOC pathway genes 13. It regulates cereblon expression through modulation of CRBN mRNA alternative splicing 4. Disease Relevance: ILF3 is implicated in multiple pathologies—macrophage ILF3 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm through inflammatory imbalance via NF-κB and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway dysregulation 5. In cancer, elevated ILF3 drives multiple myeloma progression through AKT3 upregulation 1, colorectal cancer growth via SGOC pathway activation 3, and hepatocellular carcinoma resistance to sorafenib through mitochondrial biogenesis 6. ILF3 suppression enables gastric cancer ferroptosis and immunotherapy sensitization 7. Conversely, ILF3 protects against ZIKV infection by enhancing antiviral RNAi pathways 8. Clinical Significance: ILF3 represents a promising therapeutic target across multiple malignancies and inflammatory diseases, with potential for combination therapies.