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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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ING2
inhibitor of growth family member 2
Chromosome 4 · 4q35.1
NCBI Gene: 3622Ensembl: ENSG00000168556.7HGNC: HGNC:6063UniProt: B2RA15
78PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Hub GeneTranscription Factor
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingpositive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionplasma membraneCCAAT-binding factor complexneurodegenerative diseaseAlzheimer diseaseneoplasmmelanoma
✦AI Summary

ING2 (inhibitor of growth family member 2) functions as a tumor suppressor gene involved in chr4 remodeling and transcriptional regulation. ING2 serves as a component of chr4-modulatory complexes, including mSin3A-like corepressor complexes, and contains a PHD domain with high affinity for histone H3 tri-methylated on lysine 4 (H3K4Me3) 1. The protein regulates gene expression through interactions with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and mSin3A, with its PHD domain and C-terminal region being essential for transcriptional regulation 2. ING2 mediates p53-dependent apoptotic pathways and enhances TGF-β-induced transcription through collaboration with SnoN and Smad2 3. Clinically, ING2 expression is significantly decreased in multiple cancer types including non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and osteosarcoma 456. Loss of nuclear ING2 expression correlates with poor prognosis, increased tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and shortened survival time 56. ING2 knockout mice develop spontaneous soft tissue sarcomas, confirming its tumor suppressor status 1. The protein's tumor suppressive functions include promoting cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition 76.

Sources cited
1
ING2 contains a PHD domain with high affinity for H3K4Me3 and ING2 knockout mice develop soft tissue sarcomas
PMID: 23412501
2
ING2 regulates gene expression through HDAC1 and mSin3A interactions, with PHD domain and C-terminal being essential
PMID: 28944862
3
ING2 mediates TGF-β-induced transcription through collaboration with SnoN and Smad2
PMID: 18334480
4
ING2 expression is significantly decreased in NSCLC compared to normal lung tissues
PMID: 24712846
5
Decreased ING2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with poor prognosis and shortened survival
PMID: 18160212
6
Loss of nuclear ING2 expression in osteosarcoma is associated with decreased patient survival
PMID: 25190103
7
ING2 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its downregulation correlates with poor NSCLC prognosis
PMID: 35306362
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.31Weak
Alzheimer diseaseOpen Targets
0.25Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.10Weak
melanomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
dermatophytosisOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
gliomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
ulcerative colitisOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
self-injurious ideationOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
nonpapillary renal cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
azoospermiaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Abruptio PlacentaeOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
partial chromosome Y deletionOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
liver diseaseOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
benign chondrogenic neoplasmOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
frozen shoulderOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
Isolated follicle stimulating hormone deficiencyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Adult-onset autosomal recessive sideroblastic anemiaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
ovarian dysfunctionOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
spinocerebellar ataxia type 32Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
NFYAProtein interaction100%NFYCProtein interaction100%WDR5Protein interaction100%MEAF6Protein interaction100%BPTFProtein interaction99%H3-3AProtein interaction99%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Bone Marrow
100%
Ovary
76%
Brain
29%
Liver
21%
Lung
21%
Heart
15%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
ING2NFYANFYCWDR5MEAF6BPTFH3-3A
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt Q9H160
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.44Moderately Constrained
pLIⓘ
0.99Intolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.21 [0.11–0.44]
RankingsWhere ING2 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #6,079of 20,598
    Most Researched78
  • #2,362of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.44 · top quartile
Genes detectedING2
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Decreased expression of ING2 gene and its clinicopathological significance in Chinese NSCLC patients.
PMID: 24712846
Neoplasma · 2014
1.00
2
ING1 and ING2: multifaceted tumor suppressor genes.
PMID: 23412501
Cell Mol Life Sci · 2013
0.90
3
Decreased expression of ING2 gene and its clinicopathological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma.
PMID: 18160212
Cancer Lett · 2008
0.80
4
ING2, a tumor associated gene, enhances PAI‑1 and HSPA1A expression with HDAC1 and mSin3A through the PHD domain and C‑terminal.
PMID: 28944862
Mol Med Rep · 2017
0.70
5
Alterations in novel candidate tumor suppressor genes, ING1 and ING2 in human lung cancer.
PMID: 16465410
Oncol Rep · 2006
0.60