INTS5 is a core component of the Integrator complex, a multiprotein assembly that terminates RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription in the promoter-proximal region 1. The complex executes quality control during transcription elongation by catalyzing dephosphorylation of Pol II's C-terminal domain and degrading nascent RNA transcripts via endonuclease activity, thereby promoting Pol II release from DNA 2. INTS5 functions as part of the INTS5/8/10/15 subcomplex, which comprises a modular architectural unit within the larger Integrator assembly 2. Beyond coding genes, the Integrator complex targets non-coding Pol II transcripts, including snRNAs, enhancer RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs 1. Recent structural studies reveal that INTS13, a partnering subunit, serves as a platform for recruiting transcription factors that modulate Integrator stability at specific genomic loci, suggesting regulated tissue- and context-specific control of transcription attenuation 1. While INTS5 has been identified as differentially expressed in disease contexts including osteosarcoma and postmenopausal osteoporosis, direct clinical significance remains to be established 34. The molecular mechanisms of INTS5's disease involvement require further investigation.