LIPG (lipase G, endothelial type) encodes endothelial lipase, an enzyme that exhibits dual catalytic activities as both a phospholipase and triglyceride lipase, with greater activity as a phospholipase 1. The enzyme hydrolyzes both short-chain and long-chain triglycerides with similar efficiency and preferentially targets high-density lipoproteins (HDL) over other lipoproteins 1. LIPG plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and HDL regulation, with genetic variants significantly associated with HDL cholesterol levels in human populations 2. Beyond lipid metabolism, LIPG has emerged as an important factor in cancer biology, promoting tumor initiation and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer through both lipase-dependent proliferative functions and lipase-independent invasiveness mechanisms 3. In cervical squamous cell carcinoma, LIPG facilitates tumor progression by promoting lipid accumulation and activating MAPK-p38 signaling pathways 4. The enzyme's expression is regulated by various mechanisms, including palmitoylation-dependent pathways that affect its mRNA stability 5. Clinically, LIPG genetic polymorphisms are associated with stroke risk in some Asian populations and lipid profiles, making it a potential therapeutic target for both cardiovascular disease and cancer 6.