NRG2 (neuregulin 2) functions as a direct ligand for ERBB3 and ERBB4 tyrosine kinase receptors, promoting heterodimerization with ERBB1 and ERBB2 coreceptors and resulting in ligand-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and receptor activation 1. The protein induces growth and differentiation of epithelial, neuronal, and glial cells through its EGF-like receptor-binding domain 1. In prostate tissue, NRG2 acts as a paracrine growth factor, with androgen-driven expression by mesenchymal cells supporting luminal cell regeneration 2. NRG2 demonstrates significant disease relevance in multiple cancer types. In gliomas, it promotes cell migration and is differentially expressed across tumor grades 3. NRG2 fusions have been identified in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where they enhance ectopic expression and trigger downstream oncogenic pathways 45. In breast cancer, NRG2 mediates tumor progression through the NRG2/Akt axis, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and macrophage polarization 6. Additionally, NRG2 plays a role in EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC through autophagy regulation 7. Clinically, NRG2 shows promise as both a therapeutic target and biomarker. Reduced NRG2 expression and specific variants are associated with autism spectrum disorder 8, while NRG1/NRG2 fusions represent potential targets for ligand-disrupting therapies in solid tumors 5.