NXF1 (nuclear RNA export factor 1) is a critical mRNA export receptor that mediates the nuclear export of diverse mRNA species to the cytoplasm. As part of the NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer, it functions within the TAP/NFX1 pathway to export mRNAs bearing retroviral constitutive transport elements and works with TREX complex components (ALYREF, THOC4, THOC5) to export HSP70 mRNA 1. NXF1 plays a specialized role in m6A-containing mRNA export, where YTHDC1 and SRSF3 facilitate binding of methylated transcripts to both SRSF3 and NXF1 2. Recent evidence reveals that SRSF1-FANCD2 interaction regulates mRNA export through NXF1 assembly, linking DNA damage responses to R-loop suppression 3. NXF1 binding occurs posttranscriptionally, with the TREX complex recruiting after NXF1 engages nascent transcripts 4. Pathologically, NXF1 inhibition by SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 suppresses host mRNA export while promoting viral replication 5. NXF1 dysfunction impairs nuclear export of m6A-tagged mRNAs, affecting cancer stem cell properties and chemotherapy resistance 6. Transcriptional inhibition triggers NXF1-dependent sequestration of nascent mRNAs in nuclear speckles as a protective mechanism 7. These findings establish NXF1 as a central hub regulating mRNA homeostasis with implications for cancer, viral infection, and therapeutic resistance.