OLFM2 (olfactomedin 2) is a pleiotropic secreted glycoprotein with critical roles in multiple physiological processes. In smooth muscle differentiation, TGF-β induces OLFM2 nuclear translocation where it binds serum response factor (SRF), promoting SRF dissociation from the repressor HERP1 and facilitating transcription of smooth muscle marker genes 1. OLFM2 also regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching by promoting RUNX2 and inhibiting MYOCD binding to SRF. In adipose tissue, OLFM2 expression is inversely associated with obesity; its deficiency impairs adipogenesis and cell cycle progression in differentiated adipocytes, while overexpression enhances adipogenic transformation 2. OLFM2 modulates metabolic pathways including PPAR signaling and fatty acid degradation. Disease relevance extends to colorectal cancer, where elevated OLFM2 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion through TGF-β/Smad pathway activation 3. In the liver, elevated hepatic OLFM2 correlates with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease progression and steatosis severity 4. Genetically, OLFM2 variants are associated with developmental eye disorders including microphthalmia 5 and open-angle glaucoma in Japanese populations 6. These findings establish OLFM2 as a promising biomarker for metabolic disease, cancer, and ocular pathology.