OR1C1 is an olfactory receptor (OR) and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that functions as an odorant receptor involved in sensory perception of smell 1. As a membrane-localized GPCR, OR1C1 mediates signal transduction through G protein-coupled signaling mechanisms characteristic of the OR family, the most diverse GPCR subfamily 2. OR1C1 has emerged as genetically associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), appearing among 23 brain-expressed GPCRs with ASD genetic links 1. Altered expression of OR1C1 has been implicated in ASD development, alongside related neuropsychiatric conditions including ADHD, schizophrenia, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders 2. Copy number variations (CNVs) involving OR1C1 have been identified in ASD patient cohorts, with OR1C1 highlighted as a strengthened pathogenic gene candidate within CNVs identified in Brazilian individuals with ASD 3. Clinically, OR1C1 represents an emerging therapeutic target for ASD and associated disorders, though as an orphan GPCR, challenges remain in identifying its natural ligands and fully characterizing its physiological roles in neurological function 2. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanistic link between OR1C1 dysfunction and ASD pathogenesis.