P2RX2 encodes the P2X2 receptor, an ATP-gated nonselective cation channel permeable to potassium, sodium, and calcium 1. This purinergic receptor plays crucial roles in auditory function, mediating sound transduction, auditory neurotransmission, and outer hair cell electromotility in the inner ear 2. P2RX2 is essential for synaptic transmission between neurons and protects against noise-induced hearing damage 3. In the vestibular system, P2RX2 and P2RX4 receptors mediate cation absorption in transitional and supporting cells of the utricular macula, protecting hair cells during elevated stimulus intensity 4. Mutations in P2RX2 cause autosomal dominant deafness-41 (DFNA41), characterized by progressive sensorineural hearing loss with onset between ages 25-35 years 3. The p.V60L mutation has been identified in multiple families worldwide, causing early-onset progressive hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction 56. Mouse models demonstrate that P2RX2 is essential for ribbon synapse organization and acoustic information transfer 6. Importantly, genome editing approaches have shown promise for treating DFNA41, with successful restoration of auditory and vestibular function in mouse models 7. Beyond hearing, P2RX2 expression correlates with immune infiltration and prognosis in prostate cancer 8.