RALY (RALY heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein that plays diverse roles in cellular processes and disease pathogenesis. The protein functions as a transcriptional cofactor and alternative splicing regulator with context-dependent effects across different cancer types 12. In hepatocellular carcinoma, RALY acts as an oncogenic factor by cooperating with SF3B3 to regulate MTA1 splicing, promoting cholesterol synthesis gene expression and cell proliferation 2. The protein's stability is enhanced through O-GlcNAcylation at Ser176, which protects it from TRIM27-mediated degradation 3. RALY also functions in the Drosha complex to promote miRNA processing (miR-483, miR-676, miR-877), leading to reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism in colorectal cancer 1. In lung cancer, RALY acts oncogenically by stabilizing Mdm2 through USP7 interactions, ultimately promoting p53 degradation 4. Additionally, RALY undergoes SUMOylation in glioma cells, promoting vasculogenic mimicry through the FOXD1/DKK1 pathway 5. The protein regulates alternative splicing of FOS, affecting immune and inflammatory response gene expression 6. These diverse mechanisms highlight RALY's complex role in cancer biology and its potential as a therapeutic target.