RGPD1 (RANBP2 like and GRIP domain containing 1) is a nuclear transport-associated protein containing domains characteristic of nucleoporin-interacting proteins. Based on Gene Ontology annotations, RGPD1 participates in NLS-bearing protein import into nucleus, nuclear export, and nuclear pore functions, with predicted SUMO transferase activity. RGPD1 expression is regulated by microRNA-23a/b-3p, with dual-luciferase assays confirming RGPD1 as a direct target of microRNA-23a-3p 1. The gene is significantly downregulated in oligoasthenozoospermic men compared to normozoospermic controls, suggesting a role in spermatogenesis 1. Genome-wide association studies identified RGPD1 among genes associated with neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, with pathway analysis indicating involvement in molecular transport and RNA trafficking 2. Additionally, RGPD1 was implicated in smoking-induced lung tumorigenesis through epigenetic mechanisms; DNA methylation at cg26563141 in RGPD1/RGPD2 associated with telomere length, smoking status, and lung cancer risk, with hypermethylation correlating to reduced RGPD1 expression 3. These findings suggest RGPD1 functions in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport with implications for male fertility, innate immunity, and lung cancer susceptibility.