RPL14 encodes ribosomal protein L14, a component of the large ribosomal subunit essential for protein synthesis in cells 123. The protein contains conserved structural elements including a KOW-motif and nuclear localization signal, with some species variation in polyalanine repeat regions 4. RPL14 functions as a tumor suppressor gene, with reduced expression observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma where overexpression inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition 5. Located at chromosome 3.3, RPL14 shows frequent loss of heterozygosity in lung cancer (75% of cell lines vs 32% in normal population) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (43% of tumors), suggesting early involvement in tumorigenesis 67. Genetic variants in RPL14, particularly rs2276868, are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility and modulate EBV infection pathways 8. In neurological contexts, RPL14 expression is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease brain capillaries as part of enhanced ribosomal complex activity 9, and its expression changes are linked to inflammatory responses in spinal cord injury 10.