SNRPE encodes SmE, a core component of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) essential for pre-mRNA splicing machinery 1. As a fundamental component of the spliceosome, SNRPE participates in U1, U2, U4, and U5 snRNP complexes and is involved in both major and minor splicing pathways, including U12-type intron splicing and histone 3'-end processing 1. The protein functions by assembling with the SMN complex to form functional U snRNPs necessary for proper mRNA splicing 1. Disease associations include microcephaly and intellectual disability caused by missense mutations that disrupt SMN complex interaction and snRNP assembly, leading to widespread splicing alterations and reduced brain size 12. SNRPE variants also cause hypotrichosis and congenital atrichia through similar splicing defects 2. In cancer, SNRPE functions as an oncofetal protein, promoting hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis by regulating FGFR4 expression through alternative splicing 3. The gene maps to chromosome 1-43 and shows elevated expression in various cancers, making it a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for immunotherapy response prediction 456.