STX10 (syntaxin 10) is a SNARE protein that functions as a key component of the vesicular transport machinery, specifically mediating cargo transport from late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network 1. As part of a SNARE complex with STX16, Vti1a, and VAMP3, STX10 facilitates the retrograde transport of mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs), which are essential for delivering lysosomal enzymes 1. This transport route is distinct from other endosome-to-Golgi pathways, as STX10 depletion specifically causes MPR missorting and hypersecretion of lysosomal hexosaminidase while leaving STX6-dependent transport pathways unaffected 1. Beyond intracellular trafficking, STX10 has emerged as a disease-relevant gene in multiple contexts. Genome-wide association studies identified STX10 as a novel susceptibility locus for venous thromboembolism (VTE) 2, suggesting roles in blood homeostasis. Additionally, STX10 was identified as a prognostic gene in gastric cancer pathogenesis through mitophagy-related analyses 3 and as a protein biomarker associated with colorectal cancer risk 4. Recent evidence indicates STX10 functions as a histone acetylation-related gene that increases immune infiltration and suppresses tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer, with potential implications for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy 5. These findings indicate STX10's importance extends beyond vesicular trafficking to encompass immune regulation and cancer biology.