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GeneE
10 sources retrieved Β· Most recent: April 2026 Β· Index updated 15 days ago
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TEX14
testis expressed 14, intercellular bridge forming factor
Chromosome 17 Β· 17q22
NCBI Gene: 56155Ensembl: ENSG00000121101.17HGNC: HGNC:11737UniProt: Q8IWB6
29PubMed Papers
21Diseases
0Drugs
10Pathogenic Variants
CLINICAL
OMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
βœ“ Experimental GO Evidenceβœ“ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
extracellular exosomeprotein kinase bindingprotein bindingattachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochorespermatogenic failure 23azoospermianeurodegenerative diseasemale infertility with azoospermia or oligozoospermia due to single gene mutation
✦AI Summary

TEX14 (testis expressed 14) is a germ cell-specific protein essential for male fertility through its dual roles in intercellular bridge formation and kinetochore function during spermatogenesis. The protein contains ankyrin repeats, an inactive protein kinase domain, and a leucine zipper motif, and is preferentially expressed during meiosis in pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes 1. TEX14's primary function involves converting midbodies into stable intercellular bridges by competitively binding to CEP55 via its AxGPPx3YxPP motif, thereby preventing CEP55's interaction with ALIX and TSG101 and blocking cell abscission 2. These intercellular bridges are evolutionarily conserved structures that enable cytoplasmic exchange between connected germ cells and are critical for meiotic progression 34. Loss of TEX14 function causes severe spermatogenic defects including meiotic arrest at the pachytene stage, failure of DNA replication and synapsis, defective double-strand break repair, and retrotransposon derepression 4. Clinically, TEX14 deficiency results in spermatogenic failure and non-obstructive azoospermia in both mouse models and human patients 5. Compound heterozygous mutations in TEX14 have been identified as recurrent genetic causes of male infertility 65, highlighting its critical role in human reproductive health.

Sources cited
1
TEX14 contains ankyrin repeats, inactive kinase domain, and leucine zipper, expressed in pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes
PMID: 12711554
2
TEX14 binds CEP55 via AxGPPx3YxPP motif to prevent ALIX interaction and block cell abscission
PMID: 26392564
3
TEX14 is essential for stable intercellular bridge maintenance in mammalian germ cells
PMID: 21669984
4
TEX14 deficiency causes meiotic arrest, DNA replication failure, and retrotransposon derepression
PMID: 39929837
5
Compound heterozygous TEX14 mutations cause human non-obstructive azoospermia
PMID: 40492599
6
TEX14 variants identified as candidate genes for nonobstructive azoospermia using whole-genome sequencing
PMID: 36017582
Disease Associationsβ“˜21
spermatogenic failure 23Open Targets
0.60Moderate
azoospermiaOpen Targets
0.54Moderate
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.53Moderate
male infertility with azoospermia or oligozoospermia due to single gene mutationOpen Targets
0.51Moderate
hypertensionOpen Targets
0.39Weak
Testicular Germ Cell TumorOpen Targets
0.20Weak
testicular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.20Weak
atrial fibrillationOpen Targets
0.14Weak
Familial prostate cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
prostate cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
partial chromosome Y deletionOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 57Open Targets
0.08Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 50Open Targets
0.08Suggestive
tooth eruptionOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
spermatogenic failure, X-linked, 2Open Targets
0.08Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 25Open Targets
0.08Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 71Open Targets
0.07Suggestive
spermatogenic failure 63Open Targets
0.07Suggestive
isochromosomy YpOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Spermatogenic failure 23UniProt
Pathogenic Variants10
NM_031272.5(TEX14):c.4267+1G>ALikely pathogenic
Male infertility with azoospermia or oligozoospermia due to single gene mutation
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2023
NM_031272.5(TEX14):c.3652A>T (p.Arg1218Ter)Likely pathogenic
Spermatogenic failure 23
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2022β†’ Residue 1218
NM_031272.5(TEX14):c.3482_3486del (p.Pro1161fs)Pathogenic
Non-obstructive azoospermia
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2021β†’ Residue 1161
NM_031272.5(TEX14):c.3549C>A (p.Cys1183Ter)Pathogenic
Non-obstructive azoospermia
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2021β†’ Residue 1183
NM_031272.5(TEX14):c.1490T>C (p.Leu497Pro)Likely pathogenic
Non-obstructive azoospermia
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2021β†’ Residue 497
NM_031272.5(TEX14):c.3625_3628del (p.Ser1209fs)Pathogenic
Non-obstructive azoospermia
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2021β†’ Residue 1209
NM_031272.5(TEX14):c.3168C>A (p.Tyr1056Ter)Pathogenic
Non-obstructive azoospermia
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2021β†’ Residue 1056
NM_031272.5(TEX14):c.2944C>T (p.Gln982Ter)Pathogenic
Non-obstructive azoospermia
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2021β†’ Residue 982
NM_031272.5(TEX14):c.2650_2660del (p.Ser884fs)Pathogenic
Spermatogenic failure 23
β˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†2019β†’ Residue 884
NM_031272.5(TEX14):c.254G>T (p.Arg85Leu)Pathogenic
Spermatogenic failure 23
β˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†2019β†’ Residue 85
View on ClinVar β†—
Related Genes
CEP55Protein interaction98%RBM44Protein interaction76%SPC24Shared pathway50%BUB3Shared pathway50%SPC25Shared pathway40%TEX13ACo-mentioned in literature40%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Bone Marrow
100%
Liver
7%
Ovary
5%
Lung
5%
Brain
4%
Heart
3%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
TEX14CEP55RBM44SPC24BUB3SPC25TEX13A
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB3WUT Β· 2.30 Γ… Β· X-ray
View on RCSB β†—
Constraintβ“˜
LOEUFβ“˜
1.04LoF Tolerant
pLIβ“˜
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.89 [0.76–1.04]
RankingsWhere TEX14 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #12,256of 20,598
    Most Researched29
  • #2,889of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants10
  • #10,402of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.04
Genes detectedTEX14
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response timeβ€”
πŸ“„ Sources
10β–Ό
1
Intercellular bridges are essential for transposon repression and meiosis in the male germline.
PMID: 39929837
Nat Commun Β· 2025
1.00
2
Sequence and expression of testis-expressed gene 14 (Tex14): a gene encoding a protein kinase preferentially expressed during spermatogenesis.
PMID: 12711554
Gene Expr Patterns Β· 2003
0.90
3
Germ cell intercellular bridges.
PMID: 21669984
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol Β· 2011
0.80
4
Whole-genome sequencing identifies new candidate genes for nonobstructive azoospermia.
PMID: 36017582
Andrology Β· 2022
0.70
5
Structural and biochemical insights into the role of testis-expressed gene 14 (TEX14) in forming the stable intercellular bridges of germ cells.
PMID: 26392564
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Β· 2015
0.60