THOC3 is a core component of the TREX (transcription/export) complex essential for mRNA nuclear export and post-transcriptional regulation 1. Beyond its canonical role in mRNA export, THOC3 functions as an RNA-binding protein regulating tumor progression and cellular homeostasis. In lung squamous cell carcinoma, THOC3 interacts with YBX1 to promote PFKFB4 mRNA export and stability, enhancing glycolysis and tumor growth 2. THOC3 expression is broadly dysregulated across multiple cancer types and correlates with poor prognosis, tumor mutational burden, and immune cell infiltration 3. In glioma, THOC3 functions as a prognostic biomarker associated with immunosuppression and drug sensitivity 4. Beyond cancer, THOC3 cooperates with snoRNA Snord17 to facilitate nuclear export of Yy2 mRNA in intestinal stem cells, supporting self-renewal through TEAD4 activation and Hippo signaling 5. THOC3 expression associates with pathogenic responses to influenza A virus infection in lung tissue 6. These findings establish THOC3 as a multifunctional regulator with therapeutic potential across cancer and infectious disease contexts, though its tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms require further investigation.