TUBAL3 (tubulin alpha like 3) is a structural protein that functions as a component of microtubules, the major cytoskeletal structures essential for cell division and intracellular organization. As a tubulin-like protein, TUBAL3 contributes to microtubule assembly and the microtubule cytoskeleton organization through GTP binding and heterodimerization [UniProt annotation]. While TUBAL3's specific molecular mechanisms remain incompletely characterized, emerging evidence suggests involvement in cellular stress responses and disease pathogenesis. TUBAL3 was identified as a differentially expressed gene in cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, implicating it in chemotherapeutic resistance mechanisms 1. Additionally, TUBAL3 has been identified as a candidate gene associated with intellectual disability, with variants detected through exome sequencing in affected individuals 2. TUBAL3 expression also changes with skin aging, showing differential regulation between young and elderly individuals 3, and is upregulated in immature dendritic cells following antigen peptide presentation 4. These findings collectively suggest TUBAL3 may play roles beyond canonical microtubule function, potentially in cellular response to stress, immune activation, and aging. However, direct functional validation of TUBAL3's specific roles in these pathological contexts requires further investigation.